ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
Curated resources on ICP
Browse webinars, interviews, and publications, all in one place, so you can easily explore clinically relevant insights without searching across multiple resource types.
Webinars
A selection of expert-led sessions from the Case Studies in Neurocritical Care AI and Brain Matters webinar series, focusing on ICP monitoring, waveform interpretation, and its role in guiding treatment decisions in critical care settings.
Learn how clinicians and researchers use ICP data to better understand brain physiology and support patient care.
Visit our Webinars to explore the full library across topics.
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- Case Studies in Neurocritical Care AI
- Brain Matters
A Novel Methodology for ICP Subpeak Identification
Xu Han, in collaboration with mentors at the University of Cincinnati, presents a new method for identifying subpeaks in ICP waveforms in traumatic brain injury patients. His work improves visualization and computational efficiency, enabling real-time analysis and better patient monitoring.
Predicting the Trajectory of ICP in TBI Patients: Evaluation of a Foundation Model for Time Series
Florian van Leeuwen explores whether pre-trained (foundation) models, leveraging the power of transfer learning, hold the key to predicting intracranial pressure changes in TBI patients.
Using Deep Learning to Analyze the ICP Signal in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Dr. Agnieszka Kazimierska and Cyprian Mataczyński showcase their deep learning-based approach for analyzing intracranial pressure pulse waveform morphology and predicting potentially life-threatening episodes of elevated ICP.
Predicting 6-Month GOS-E from ICP and Brain Oxygenation
Ethan Moyer demonstrates a few techniques for predicting GOS-E outcomes on the BOOST II patients using Python.
ICP Individualization and Prediction
Christon Lazaridus covers conceptual approaches to intracranial hypertension, patient-specific intracranial pressure, and predicting secondary brain insults.
Perspectives on (Non) Invasive ICP Monitoring
Dr. Heldt provides a review of some important concepts when monitoring ICP. He also gives an overview of research in recording this important cranial vital sign non-invasively. Learn about The Integrative Neuromonitoring and Critical Care Informatics Group. http://neuro.mit.edu/
The Brain Oxygen Optimization in Severe TBI (BOOST) Phase 3 study: Towards evidence based medicine in the neurological ICU
Dr. Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, MD, PhD, from the University of Pennsylvania, presents the scientific and clinical rationale for monitoring brain tissue oxygen pressure, summarizes the results of the BOOST Phase 2 study, and discusses the design of the BOOST Phase 3 study, which will be launched in the first quarter of 2019.
Interviews & Podcasts
A collection of interviews and podcasts focused on ICP.
Visit the Interviews & Podcasts page to explore the full library across all topics.
Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure - A Conversation with Dr. Jana Kainerstorfer
Dr. Kainerstorfer is using diffuse correlation spectroscopy to tease out non-invasive ICP in the brain. Her early work at Carnegie Mellon has proven successful. She relates how she got into this field and her journey to Carnegie Mellon.
CranioSense - Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure
We talk with Ryan Myers PhD who has just spun off a company from Vivonics to commercialize their technology for the non-invasive assessment of ICP.
The ICP 2019 Meeting & Smart Monitoring of ICP with Dr. Bart Depreitere & Dr. Geert Meyfroidt
Dr. Geert Meyfroidt, intensivist, and Dr. Bart Depreitere, neurosurgeon, from KU Leuven, share their thoughts on the ICP 2019 meeting in Leuven, Belgium and discuss their research activities at the university.
ICP Monitoring: A Standard of Care with No Standards with DaiWai Olson
DaiWai Olson (PhD, RN, CCRN), Professor of Neurology, Neurotherapeutics, and Neurological Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern, discusses shortcomings and inconsistencies in current ICP monitoring practices.Â
Establishing a Multimodal Monitoring Program with Dr. Claude Hemphill
Dr. Claude Hemphill, Professor of Neurology at UCSF and Division Director at Zuckerberg SFGH, explains the benefits and challenges of establishing a multimodal monitoring program. This episode is filmed at the ICP 2019 meeting Leuven, Belgium.
Publications
A collection of publications focused on ICP, including monitoring strategies, research, and clinical applications. Publications are organized by the newsletter in which they were featured.
Visit our Publications page to find publications across all topics.
August 2026
Beqiri, E., Lavinio, A., […], CLINNICA Collaborators. (2026). A Harmonised Protocol for the Use of PRx in Adult and Paediatric TBI Patients with ICP Monitoring: CLINICCA Workgroup Output. Neurocrit Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-026-02595-z.
June/July 2026
Alhamdan, M., HÃ¥nell, A., […], Svedung Wettervik, T. (2026). Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, Heart Rate Variability, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Signal Complexity During Neurointensive Care after Decompressive Craniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction. Neurocrit Care 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-026-02506-2.
Aries, M., Hendrix, R. (2026). Looking beyond Pressure: Signal Complexity and Autonomic Physiology after Decompressive Craniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction. Neurocrit Care 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-026-02507-1.Â
April/May 2026
Agrawal, S.,Bögli, S., […], O’Donnell, R. (2026). Intracranial Pressure Treatment Thresholds in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA Pediatr. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.0197.
Aries, M., Hendrix, R. (2026). Looking beyond Pressure: Signal Complexity and Autonomic Physiology after Decompressive Craniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction. Neurocrit Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-026-02507-1.
March 2026
Shu, X., Zhang, P.M., Sun, S. (2026). End-to-end deep learning approach for noninvasive intracranial pressure waveform estimation using fused electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure signals. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.114211.
November 2025
Megkhani, Murad, Weinerman, Bennett, […], Park, Soojin. (2025). Application of a time series foundation model to noninvasively estimate intracranial pressure. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-025-01366-z.
September 2025
Pörteners, B., Carra, G., Aries, G., […], Meyfriodt, G. (2025). ICP‑AId: International expert survey assessing the potential clinical impact of intracranial pressure predictions at the bedside.  Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-025-08092-9.
July 2025
Brasil, S., Karanjia, N., Taccone, F. (2025). The dawn of noninvasive intracranial compliance waveforms: a call for the B-ICONIC improvement and expansion. Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-025-07956-4.
May 2025
Mathur, R., Yellapantula, S., Cheng, L., […], Suarez, J. (2025). Classification of intracranial pressure epochs using a novel machine learning framework. npj Digital Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01612-3.
February 2025
Robba, C., Picetti, E., […], Rubiano, A.M. (2025). The Brussels Consensus for Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring When Invasive Systems are Not Available in the Care of TBI Patients (the B-ICONIC Consensus, Recommendations, and Management Algorithm). Intensive Care Medicine 51:4-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07756-2.
December 2024
Beqiri, E., Tas, J., […], Smielewski, P. Does Targeting CPP at CPPopt Actually Improve Cerebrovascular Reactivity? A Secondary Analysis of the COGiTATE Randomized Controlled Trial. (2024). Neurocritical Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-024-02168-y.
November 2024
Lund, A., Madsen. A.F., Capion, T. et al. (2024). Brain Hypoxia and Metabolic Crisis are Common in Patients with Acute Brain Injury Despite a Normal Intracranial Pressure. Scientific Reports 14(1): 23828. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75129-2.
September 2024
Rajajee, V. (2024). Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Are We There Yet? Neurocritical Care 41: 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-024-01951-1.
Stroh, J.N., Foreman, B., Bennett T.D. et al (2024). Intracranial Pressure-Flow Relationships in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Expose Gaps in the Tenets of Models and Pressure-Oriented Management. Frontiers in Physiology 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1381127.
June 2024
Brasil, S., Godoy, D.A., Paiva, W.S., et al. (2024). A Comprehensive Perspective on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Individualized Management in Neurocritical Care: Results of a Survey with Global Experts. Neurocrit Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-024-02008-z.
Pose, F., Videla, C., Campanini, G., Ciarrocchi, N., Redelico, F.O. (2024). Using EEG Total Energy as a Noninvasively Tracking of Intracranial (and Cerebral Perfusion) Pressure in an Animal Model: A Pilot Study. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28544.
Rajajee V. (2024). Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Are We There Yet? Neurocrit Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-024-01951-1.
March 2024
MartÃnez-Palacios, K., et al. (2024). Quantitative Pupillometry for Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. Neurocrit Care. DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01927-7.
Stroh, J.N., Foreman, B., Bennett, T.D., Briggs, J.K., Park, S., Albers, D.J. (2024). Intracranial Pressure-Flow Relationships in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Expose Gaps in the Tenets of Models and Pressure-Oriented Management. medRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24301445.
February 2024
Frontera J.A., et al. (2023). Poor Accuracy of Manually Derived Head Computed Tomography Parameters in Predicting Intracranial Hypertension After Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01662-5.
MartÃnez-Palacios, K., Vásquez-GarcÃa, S., Fariyike, O.A. et al. (2023). Using Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. Neurocrit Care. DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01884-1.
September 2023
Roriz, C., Sr, Canelas, M. A., & Pereira, E. (2023). Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome: The Importance of Neurointensive Care. Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome: The Importance of Neurointensive Care. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42673.
August 2023
Lang, S. S., Kumar, N., Zhao, C., Rahman, R., Flanders, T. M., Heuer, G. G., & Huh, J. W. (2023). Intracranial Pressure and Brain Tissue Oxygen Multimodality Neuromonitoring in Gunshot Wounds to the Head in Children. World Neurosurgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.059.
Brain Physics Lectures
Developed by Prof. Marek Czosnyka and Prof. Peter Smielewski at the University of Cambridge, this lecture series explores the principles behind ICP dynamics, compensatory reserve, waveform analysis, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and bedside monitoring techniques.
These lectures are especially valuable for those looking to better understand how ICP data is interpreted in both research and clinical practice, including within platforms such as ICM+.
Visit the Brain Physics Lecture page to browse the full series.
Lecture 4: Intracranial pressure
Professor Marek Czosnyka (Clinical Neurosciences at Cambridge, UK) talks about measurement and monitoring of intracranial pressure: CSF pressure as a ‘golden standard’. Intraparenchymal pressure. Sensors, drifts, errors and monitoring techniques
Lecture 6: ICP is More Than the Number
Prof Marek Czosnyka talks about waves and fluctuations of intracranial pressure (ICP) and their interpretation. Slow and respiratory waves. Spectral components of ICP
Lecture 8: Waveform Analysis of Intracranial Pressure
Prof Marek Czosnyka talks about intracranial pressure pulse analysis including high frequency centroids and morphological methods, and their clinical associations.
Lecture 10: Pressure-Volume Compensatory Reserve
Prof Marek Czosnyka talks about Pressure-Volume Index, RAP index. Applications in hydrocephalus and head injury.
Lecture 19: Compartmental Compliances of Brain
Professor Marek Czosnyka talks about assessment of cerebral arterial compliance and lumped compliance of CSF and venous pool. Monitoring of Monro-Kelly doctrine: Mutual relationship between brain compartmental compliance as a marker when intracranial hypertension becomes ‘refractory’
Lecture 22: Non-Invasive Methods for ICP Monitoring
Professor Marek Czosnyka talks about transcranial Doppler flowmetry derived assessment of intracranial pressure non-invasively and other useful methods
Lecture 29: CSF Shunt Overdrainage
Prof Marek Czosnyka of Brain Physics lab, Cambridge, UK, delivers a lecture on cerebrospinal fluid shunt overdrainage problems, the causes, the consequences and methods for evaluation.
Lecture 30: Intracranial Pressure and CSF Flow
Prof Marek Czosnyka delivers a lecture on the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and pressure dynamics – updated 2022.